While Spanish typically uses “ser” for permanent traits and “estar” for temporary states, many common expressions always use one verb regardless of context. Learning these fixed expressions will help you speak more naturally.
Essential Ser Expressions
These always use “ser,” even for temporary situations:
- Ser cierto (to be true) – Use this when confirming facts or statements. “Es cierto que llueve” (It’s true that it’s raining)
- Ser mentira (to be a lie) – For denying or calling out falsehoods. “Es mentira que no hay tickets” (It’s a lie that there are no tickets)
- Ser hora de (to be time to) – For indicating when something should happen. “Es hora de salir” (It’s time to leave)
- Ser culpa de (to be someone’s fault) – For assigning responsibility. “Es culpa del tráfico” (It’s the traffic’s fault)
Common Estar Expressions
These always use “estar,” even for permanent conditions:
- Estar de acuerdo (to agree) – Express agreement with ideas or proposals. “Estoy de acuerdo con el plan” (I agree with the plan)
- Estar seguro (to be sure) – Indicate certainty. “Estoy seguro de ganar” (I’m sure about winning)
- Estar a favor/en contra (to be for/against) – State your position. “Estoy en contra de la idea” (I’m against the idea)
- Estar de moda (to be fashionable) – Describe trends. “Los sombreros están de moda” (Hats are in fashion)
Idiomatic Fixed Expressions
Some expressions have meanings that aren’t obvious from their parts:
- Estar al tanto (to be up to date) – “Estoy al tanto del proyecto” (I’m up to date with the project)
- Ser un caso (to be a piece of work) – “Mi hermana es un caso” (My sister is something else) – This expression implies someone is unique or challenging in a humorous way.
- Estar por (to be about to) – “Está por nevar” (It’s about to snow)
Each of these expressions represents a complete thought in Spanish and always uses its designated verb. Their usage isn’t based on the permanent/temporary distinction – they’re set phrases that Spanish speakers use automatically in conversation.
By learning and practicing these fixed expressions, you’ll sound more natural and confident when speaking Spanish.