Understanding Spanish time expressions is essential for navigating daily life in Spanish-speaking countries. Whether you’re scheduling meetings, making plans with friends, or discussing your daily routine, mastering these expressions will help you communicate effectively.
Days of the Week (Los días de la semana)
In Spanish, days of the week are all masculine and aren’t capitalized unless they begin a sentence. When expressing “on Monday” or “on Tuesday,” you’ll use “el” before the day:
- el lunes – Monday
- el martes – Tuesday
- el miércoles – Wednesday
- el jueves – Thursday
- el viernes – Friday
- el sábado – Saturday
- el domingo – Sunday
To express frequency, add “los” before the day: “los lunes” means “on Mondays” or “every Monday.”
Months and Seasons (Los meses y las estaciones)
Months in Spanish aren’t capitalized either:
- enero – January
- febrero – February
- marzo – March
- abril – April
- mayo – May
- junio – June
- julio – July
- agosto – August
- septiembre – September
- octubre – October
- noviembre – November
- diciembre – December
The seasons are:
- la primavera – spring
- el verano – summer
- el otoño – fall/autumn
- el invierno – winter
Telling Time (La hora)
Spanish time expressions follow a specific pattern. The hour is preceded by “la” or “las”:
- Es la una – It’s one o’clock
- Son las dos – It’s two o’clock
Minutes are added using “y” (and) or “menos” (less):
- Son las dos y cuarto – It’s quarter past two
- Son las dos y media – It’s half past two
- Son las tres menos cuarto – It’s quarter to three
Dates (Las fechas)
Dates in Spanish follow the day-month-year format:
- 15 de enero de 2025 – January 15, 2025
When asking for the date:
- ¿Qué día es hoy? – What day is today?
- ¿Cuál es la fecha? – What’s the date?
Time-Related Prepositions
Essential Spanish time expressions include these prepositions:
- a – at (a las tres – at three o’clock)
- de – from (de lunes a viernes – from Monday to Friday)
- durante – during (durante el verano – during summer)
- desde… hasta – from… until (desde enero hasta marzo – from January until March)
- hace – ago (hace dos días – two days ago)
Time Periods and Frequency
Common expressions for discussing time periods:
- esta mañana – this morning
- esta tarde – this afternoon
- esta noche – tonight
- la semana que viene – next week
- la semana pasada – last week
- todos los días – every day
- una vez al mes – once a month
- dos veces por semana – twice a week
Regional Variations
Spanish time expressions can vary across different Spanish-speaking regions:
- In Spain: “mediodía” (noon) and “medianoche” (midnight)
- In Latin America: “el almuerzo” might refer to different times of day depending on the country
- Some regions use “de la mañana,” “de la tarde,” and “de la noche” more explicitly when telling time
Quick Reference for Time-Related Questions
- ¿Qué hora es? – What time is it?
- ¿A qué hora…? – At what time…?
- ¿Cuánto tiempo? – How long?
- ¿Con qué frecuencia? – How often?
Remember that mastering Spanish time expressions involves understanding both the grammar rules and the cultural context of how time is viewed and expressed in different Spanish-speaking regions. These expressions are fundamental building blocks for effective communication in Spanish.